southern exposure on a gently sloping hillside.

planted in 1995 at a density of 2.80x0.8 meters (~9x3 ft), equivalent to 4,464 vines/ha (1,860/ac).

trained to a bilateral cordon with vertical shoot positioning.

Sangiovese Clone A548 85%, Cabernet Sauvignon clone CL15, all on 420A rootstock, and Merlot of unknown clonal origin 15%.

sandy clay with limestone from the Pliocene era (6 million years ago).

Given the elevated concentration of the noble components, this vintage was characterized by wines of optimal potential. This noble vintage is defined by a bouquet that is intense and yet delicate. A robust structure, good alcohol levels and optimal polyphenolic components and acidity have allowed for wines which are typical and ideal for long cellaring.

small lot fermentation at 25-30°C (77-86°F) using indigenous (wild) yeast in small cement vats. Fifteen day maceration with frequent aerations, pump-overs and punch-downs of the cap for optimum polyphenol extraction.

it was placed in small (lt.225) new French and American oak barrels for 12 months.

in our temperature controlled cellar for over 45 months

dark, deep, blackish-ruby hue.

bold and intense, with black currants, licorice, black pepper and a hint of vanilla.

full-bodied palate with exceptional black fruit intensity and spice. Big structured with well integrated, supple tannins and a long, persistent finish.

Alcohol 13.82%, total acidity 4.8 per thousand, color 14.05, sugar 1.88 per thousand, polyphenols 3,652 mg/l, dry extract 30.4 g/l.